L'intérêt que portait Henri Poincaré (1854-1912) à des questions d'ordre physique a été durable et profond; elle couvre presque toute sa carrière, et marque l'histoire de la physique tout au long du 20ème siècle. Sa correspondance avec cinquante-et-un physiciens, quatre chimistes, et cinq ingénieurs commence dès 1879, lorsqu'il s'engage activement dans la recherche scientifique. Elle est rythmée par des grandes découvertes d'ordre expérimental, instrumental, et théorique.
Henri Poincaré, while well-known as the most brilliant mathematician at the close of the 19th century, is also a founder of 20th-century physics, in virtue of his fundamental contributions to Maxwell's theory, systems dynamics, electron theory, relativity and quantum theory. These subjects and others are discussed in this critical edition of his correspondence with sixty physicists, chemists, and engineers.
This volume explores the interplay between mathematical and physical research and the interactions of twentieth-century scientists within their academic communities. Beginning with Einstein's general theory of relativity, the authors investigate a series of dramatic discoveries and rival theories in physics that influenced the development of modern differential geometry. Other sections recount the numerous methods, like the resurgence of Weyl geometry, used by geometers to solve the problems revealed by those same innovations in space-time physics. The effect of general relativity on astronomy is also addressed, namely how astronomers worked through new theories like inflationary cosmology and Phoenix models.By including recent historical research and coupling this work with many disciplines' unique perspectives, this text provides a rich picture of general relativity and cosmology over the course of the twentieth century. The increased study on the documentation of Einstein's early scientific work has clarified the history of science for that time and profoundly altered the way scientists view their own work, as this interdisciplinary volume demonstrates.
The letters
in this volume cover Poincaré's multifaceted career in astronomy in its
entirety, extending from the time of his first publications in 1880 to the end
of his life in 1912. At a tender age, Poincaré established his authority in
questions of celestial mechanics, and his views were soon sought after on a
vast array of questions by the leading astronomers and geodesists of his time,
including C.V.L. Charlier, G.H. Darwin, H. Faye, F.R. Helmert, G. W. Hill, A.
Lindstedt, A.M. Liapunov, N. Lockyer, S. Newcomb, K. Schwarzschild, and F.
Tisserand. Poincaré and his correspondents take up topics ranging from the
three-body problem and perturbation theory to the determination of the geoide
and the equilibrium figures of rotating fluid masses. The volume also sheds
light on Poincaré's three terms as president of the Bureau of Longitudes, where
he guided French astronomy and geodesy through ambitious projects, such as the
measurement of an arc of meridian near Quito.------Les lettres du troisième volume de la Correspondance de Poincaré scandent toute son oeuvre astronomique, allant de ses premiers mémoires sur les courbes définies par une équation différentielle (1881), jusqu'aux analyses des hypothèses cosmogoniques (1911). Encore très jeune, Poincaré s'est fait remarquer pour sa maîtrise des questions de la mécanique céleste, de tel sorte que les astronomes et les géodésiens l'ont souvent interpellé, y compris O. Callandreau, C.V.L. Charlier, G.H. Darwin, F.R. Helmert, A. Lindstedt, A.M. Lyapunov, Simon Newcomb, Karl Schwarzschild et F. Tisserand.Avec ses correspondants, Poincaré abordaient les questions principales de l'astronomie mathématique, du célèbre problème des trois corps à la théorie des perturbations et aux figures d'équilibre des masses fluides en rotation. La correspondance de Poincaré éditée et annotée dans ce volume concerne, au-delà des mémoires mathématiques, l'activité de Poincaré en tant que Professeurd'astronomie mathématique et de mécanique céleste à la Sorbonne, rédacteur en chef duBulletin astronomique, et membre du Bureau des longitudes, que Poincaré a présidé à trois reprises. Sa correspondance illumine, dans ce dernier cadre, la réalisation de la mesure d'un arc de méridien à Quito, et le règlement d'un différend franco-brittanique à propos de la différence de longitude entre Greenwich et Paris.
